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The
Arbeitsgemeinschaft
der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik
Deutschland (ARD), the Association of Public Broadcasting Corporations in
the Federal Republic of Germany, is a consortium of ten independent public
broadcasting corporations (established by states or groups of states) and
the federal broadcasting corporation Deutsche Welle. The ARD was founded
in 1950 and produces radio and television programs providing the German
population with information, education, and entertainment.
Each
corporation caters for the states in which they are located; others supply
programs for several states. Each broadcasts several radio programs.
Together they operate a nationally transmitted television program called
"Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen", also known as "Das Erste"
(The First Channel) for which they all
provide material. In addition, they produce their own "Channel Three"
TV programs, "das dritte Programm", which can be viewed regionally or in some cases received
nationally via satellite or cable. Bayerischer Rundfunk also broadcasts
the educational TV program "Alpha". Deutsche Welle, as Germany's
external broadcaster, produces programs for all five continents. It
broadcasts DW-Radio via short wave and it also airs the international news
channel DW-TV. The
radio station DeutschlandRadio was founded in 1993 through the transfer of
the rights and obligations of the stations Deutschlandfunk and RIAS Berlin.
It is jointly financed by ARD and ZDF and is
headquartered in Cologne and Berlin. Since 1 January 1994,
DeutschlandRadio has been broadcasting two radio programs, Deutschlandfunk
(based in Cologne) and
DeutschlandRadio Berlin (based in Berlin), which focus on information and
culture and have no advertising.
The
ARD also runs, together with different partners, several specialist
channels: the children’s channel Ki.Ka, the current affairs
and documentary channel PHOENIX, the European cultural
channel ARTE (in cooperation with the ZDF and the
French channel La Sept Arte), and the
satellite cultural channel 3sat (in cooperation
with ZDF and the Austrian and Swiss public channels
ORF and SRG). ARD
joined 3sat in 1993.
The
ARD is financed largely through monthly fees charged to television and
radio owners and through commercials. Deutsche Welle is financed largely
by federal funds.
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